Dolmabahce Palace
Le palais de Dolmabahce, construit au 19ème siècle sous le règne du sultan Abdulmecit, est connu pour son ornement excessif. Entre 1843 et 1856, Abdulmecit a commandé à son architecte Karabet Balyan de construire le palais de Dolmabahce, un mélange éclectique de styles venus de toute l'Europe. Il avait une disposition symétrique sur ses trois histoires, avec 285 chambres et 43 couloirs. Le long du fleuve, il dispose d'un pont de 600 mètres bordé de portes monumentales massives.
Le palais est entouré de jardins immaculés et d'une salle de salut massive avec 56 colonnes et 750 lumières alimentées par un chandelier en cristal qui joue en quatre tons et demi.Les sultanes ont été accueillis à l'entrée, et le harem était situé directement en face de la salle de cérémonie.
The palace's walls and ceilings are adorned with gold and European art from the era, giving it a level of luxury not found in most palaces. Each room is furnished with fine silk and wool carpets, handmade artifacts from Southeast Asia, and crystal candlesticks. The harem houses Sultan's private quarters as well as the quarters for the women and the servants. The men's Hamam (public bath) is made of alabaster marble. Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, the founder of the Turkish Republic, died in Dolmabahce Palace on November 10, 1938, adding another chapter to the palace's storied past. As he left, the door to his room opened, allowing the guests to enter.
In the building's eastern wing, you'll find the Museum of Fine Arts.
Le palais de Dolmabahce et ses environs : un guide complet
Historiquement, c'est là que le sultan Mehmet le Conquérant a débarqué sur ses navires avant de traverser la Corne d'Or et de conquérir Istanbul; mythologiquement, c'est là que les Argonautes ont ancoré pour qu'ils puissent chercher le Pelt d'Or.
Cette baie a été remplie et développée en Dolmabahce, l'un des jardins les plus reconnaissables du Bosphore, à partir du XVIIe siècle (Jardin rempli).
Over the years, different Sultans added to Dolmabahce, and the whole thing is now called the "Besiktas Waterside Palace."
En 1843, sous le règne du sultan Abdülmedjid, le palais de Besiktas Waterside a été démoli parce qu'il a été considéré comme une perte de temps et d'argent en raison de sa construction en bois.
All of the building, including the exterior walls, was finished in 1856. Dolmabahce Palace's main structure is just one of sixteen separate structures spread across an area of more than 110.000 square meters. Buildings in those areas include stables, mills, pharmacies, kitchens, aviaries, a glass shop, a foundry, and a patisserie, among others. During Sultan Abdülhamid II's reign, a clock tower was added to the Heir Apparent's apartment, and guesthouses were added in the backyard garden (1876–1909).
Architecture du palais de Dolmabahce
The palace was designed and constructed by Karabet and Nikogos Balyan, two of the most renowned Ottoman architects of their time. The main block of the palace consists of the Harem-i Hümayun, the Muayede (Ceremonial Hall), and the Mabeyn-i Hümayun (Selamlik) (Harem). In the palace's central courtyard, known as the Muayede, important events and ceremonies are hosted. Other parts of the palace, such as the Harem-i Hümayun and the Mabeyn-i Hümayun, are used for conducting government business and housing the Sultan.
Dolmabahce Palace has a total of three stories, including the basement. Influenced by Western styles, the building's form, detail, and ornamentation were all expertly interpreted by Ottoman architects. However, the layout is a contemporary update on the design of a classic Turkish mansion. There are wooden floors and stone walls inside. Between 1910 and 1912, central heating and electrical systems were installed at the Palace, demonstrating its openness to modern conveniences. There are 285 rooms, 46 halls, 6 hammams (Turkish baths), and 68 bathrooms spread across 45,000 square feet in the palace. Carpeting covering 4.454 square meters was woven first in the palace's loom house and then in Hereke, which is famous for its carpets.
The mabeyn, where the Sultan conducts state affairs, is the most impressive part of the building, both in terms of its purpose and its splendor. The Red Room, where the Sultan received ambassadors, the Crystal Stairs leading to the upper floor, the Süfera Hall, the guest room for ambassadors, and the entry's Medhal Hall are all decorated and furnished to emphasize the historical splendor of the Empire. Entry to Sultan's private quarters in the Mabeyn wing, located on the second floor, is granted via the Zülvecheyn (two-planned) Hall. This area features not only classrooms and meeting halls but also a luxurious hammam decorated with Egyptian marble.
Located between the Harem and the Mabeyn, the Muayede (celebration) Hall is the crown jewel of Dolmabahce Palace. Its 36-meter-high dome and 4.5-ton British-made chandelier make the hall stand out among the Palace's 15,000-square-foot floor space and 56 columns. The central heating system, which blows warm air from the base of the columns, ensures that guests are comfortable even on the chilliest days. The Sultan would sit on the hall's golden throne as he greeted dignitaries and diplomats during religious holiday celebrations. Separate galleries housed the palace's orchestra, male and female guests, and the diplomatic staff.
Bien que la séparation traditionnelle des espaces publics et privés ait été moins stricte qu’elle ne l’est aujourd’hui, le harem a été conçu comme une zone séparée à Dolmabahce, qui a été inspirée par les palais européens et construite dans un style occidental.
At Dolmabahce Palace, the harem occupies the better part of the palace. The doors and gates between Mabeyn and Muayede Hall and the Harem are made of iron and timber to reinforce the social norm of racial segregation. The Sultan, his wives, concubines, sons, and daughters all slept in bedrooms in this wing, along with the study and lounge rooms, all of which were illuminated by the Bosporus's reflections. The apartment of Valide Sultan (Mother Sultan), the Blue and Pink Halls, the rooms of Sultans Abdülmedjid, Abdülaziz, and Resad, the section for the concubines, the rooms of the matrons, the study and bedroom of Great Atatürk, and the many valuable artifacts, such as furniture, rugs, and kilims, inscriptions, vases, chandeliers, and oil paintings, are the most interesting and impressive.
Once again open to the public, Dolmabahce Palace has undergone a complete restoration. The two "Precious Items Exhibition Halls" display the palace's most valuable artifacts, while the "Internal Treasury Exhibition Building" showcases pieces from the National Palaces Yildiz (Star) Porcelain collection, and the "Art Gallery" features works from the National Palaces Painting collection. The "Abdülmedjid Efendi Library" in the Mabe Palace also serves as an exhibition space.
The "Furnishing Department" in the palace's foyer has been replaced by the "Cultural Information Center." This is the hub of operations for the many national palaces across the country that host scientific conferences and public presentations. The library also has a section for research that is mostly made up of books from the 19th century.
Entre la Tour de l'horloge, le Département du mobilier, l'Aviaire, le Harem et l'Apiaire de l'Héritier, des cafés et des magasins de souvenirs ont émergé dans les zones extérieures. Cartes postales, reproductions d'œuvres d'art de la Collection d'art des Palais nationaux et guides aux Palais nationaux écrits par le Centre d'information culturelle sont tous disponibles à l'achat dans ces lieux. En outre, la Muayede Hall et les jardins sont utilisés pour les réceptions nationales et internationales. Ces rénovations ont permis au palais d'accueillir à nouveau des musées et d'autres événements culturels.
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