Dolmabahce Palace
Langs de Europese oever van de Bosporus ligt het Dolmabahce-paleis, dat in de 19e eeuw werd gebouwd tijdens de heerschappij van Sultan I Abdulmecit en bekend staat om zijn overmatige ornamentatie. Tussen 1843 en 1856 opdrachtde Abdulmecit zijn architect, Karabet Balyan, om Dolmabahce-paleis te bouwen, een eclectische mix van stijlen uit heel Europa. Het had een symmetrische lay-out over zijn drie verhalen, met 285 kamers en 43 gangen. Langs de rivier, het beschikt over een 600 meter lange pier flankeerd door massieve monumentale poorten.
Het paleis is omgeven door onbevlekte tuinen en een enorme groetzaal met 56 kolommen en 750 lichten aangedreven door een kristallijn kandelaar die in vier en een half tonen speelt.
The palace's walls and ceilings are adorned with gold and European art from the era, giving it a level of luxury not found in most palaces. Each room is furnished with fine silk and wool carpets, handmade artifacts from Southeast Asia, and crystal candlesticks. The harem houses Sultan's private quarters as well as the quarters for the women and the servants. The men's Hamam (public bath) is made of alabaster marble. Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, the founder of the Turkish Republic, died in Dolmabahce Palace on November 10, 1938, adding another chapter to the palace's storied past. As he left, the door to his room opened, allowing the guests to enter.
In the building's eastern wing, you'll find the Museum of Fine Arts.
Dolmabahce Palace en de omgeving: een complete gids
Historisch gezien was dit de plek waar Sultan Mehmet de Veroveraar zijn schepen strandde voordat hij de Gouden Hoorn overstroomde en Istanbul veroverde; mythologisch gezien was het de plaats waar de Argonauten hun verankering maakten om de Gouden Pelt te kunnen zoeken.
Deze baai werd gevuld en ontwikkelde zich tot Dolmabahce, een van de meest herkenbare tuinen op de Bosporus, te beginnen in de zeventiende eeuw (Filled Up Garden).
Over the years, different Sultans added to Dolmabahce, and the whole thing is now called the "Besiktas Waterside Palace."
In 1843, tijdens de heerschappij van Sultan Abdülmedjid, werd het paleis van Besiktas Waterside afgebroken omdat het als een verspilling van tijd en geld werd beschouwd vanwege de houten bouw.
All of the building, including the exterior walls, was finished in 1856. Dolmabahce Palace's main structure is just one of sixteen separate structures spread across an area of more than 110.000 square meters. Buildings in those areas include stables, mills, pharmacies, kitchens, aviaries, a glass shop, a foundry, and a patisserie, among others. During Sultan Abdülhamid II's reign, a clock tower was added to the Heir Apparent's apartment, and guesthouses were added in the backyard garden (1876–1909).
De architectuur van Dolmabahce Palace
The palace was designed and constructed by Karabet and Nikogos Balyan, two of the most renowned Ottoman architects of their time. The main block of the palace consists of the Harem-i Hümayun, the Muayede (Ceremonial Hall), and the Mabeyn-i Hümayun (Selamlik) (Harem). In the palace's central courtyard, known as the Muayede, important events and ceremonies are hosted. Other parts of the palace, such as the Harem-i Hümayun and the Mabeyn-i Hümayun, are used for conducting government business and housing the Sultan.
Dolmabahce Palace has a total of three stories, including the basement. Influenced by Western styles, the building's form, detail, and ornamentation were all expertly interpreted by Ottoman architects. However, the layout is a contemporary update on the design of a classic Turkish mansion. There are wooden floors and stone walls inside. Between 1910 and 1912, central heating and electrical systems were installed at the Palace, demonstrating its openness to modern conveniences. There are 285 rooms, 46 halls, 6 hammams (Turkish baths), and 68 bathrooms spread across 45,000 square feet in the palace. Carpeting covering 4.454 square meters was woven first in the palace's loom house and then in Hereke, which is famous for its carpets.
The mabeyn, where the Sultan conducts state affairs, is the most impressive part of the building, both in terms of its purpose and its splendor. The Red Room, where the Sultan received ambassadors, the Crystal Stairs leading to the upper floor, the Süfera Hall, the guest room for ambassadors, and the entry's Medhal Hall are all decorated and furnished to emphasize the historical splendor of the Empire. Entry to Sultan's private quarters in the Mabeyn wing, located on the second floor, is granted via the Zülvecheyn (two-planned) Hall. This area features not only classrooms and meeting halls but also a luxurious hammam decorated with Egyptian marble.
Located between the Harem and the Mabeyn, the Muayede (celebration) Hall is the crown jewel of Dolmabahce Palace. Its 36-meter-high dome and 4.5-ton British-made chandelier make the hall stand out among the Palace's 15,000-square-foot floor space and 56 columns. The central heating system, which blows warm air from the base of the columns, ensures that guests are comfortable even on the chilliest days. The Sultan would sit on the hall's golden throne as he greeted dignitaries and diplomats during religious holiday celebrations. Separate galleries housed the palace's orchestra, male and female guests, and the diplomatic staff.
Hoewel de traditionele scheiding van openbare en privé ruimten minder strikt was dan het nu is, werd de harem ontworpen als een apart gebied in Dolmabahce, dat werd geïnspireerd door Europese paleizen en gebouwd in een westerse stijl.
At Dolmabahce Palace, the harem occupies the better part of the palace. The doors and gates between Mabeyn and Muayede Hall and the Harem are made of iron and timber to reinforce the social norm of racial segregation. The Sultan, his wives, concubines, sons, and daughters all slept in bedrooms in this wing, along with the study and lounge rooms, all of which were illuminated by the Bosporus's reflections. The apartment of Valide Sultan (Mother Sultan), the Blue and Pink Halls, the rooms of Sultans Abdülmedjid, Abdülaziz, and Resad, the section for the concubines, the rooms of the matrons, the study and bedroom of Great Atatürk, and the many valuable artifacts, such as furniture, rugs, and kilims, inscriptions, vases, chandeliers, and oil paintings, are the most interesting and impressive.
Once again open to the public, Dolmabahce Palace has undergone a complete restoration. The two "Precious Items Exhibition Halls" display the palace's most valuable artifacts, while the "Internal Treasury Exhibition Building" showcases pieces from the National Palaces Yildiz (Star) Porcelain collection, and the "Art Gallery" features works from the National Palaces Painting collection. The "Abdülmedjid Efendi Library" in the Mabe Palace also serves as an exhibition space.
The "Furnishing Department" in the palace's foyer has been replaced by the "Cultural Information Center." This is the hub of operations for the many national palaces across the country that host scientific conferences and public presentations. The library also has a section for research that is mostly made up of books from the 19th century.
Tussen de klokkentoren, het meubelbureau, het Aviary, het Harem en de Heir Apiary zijn cafés en souvenirwinkels ontstaan in de buitenruimten. Postkaarten, reproducties van kunstwerken uit de Nationale Paleizen Kunstcollectie en gidsen naar de Nationale Paleizen geschreven door het Cultureel Informatiecentrum zijn allemaal beschikbaar om te kopen op deze locaties. Bovendien worden de Muayede Hall en de tuinen gebruikt voor nationale en internationale ontvangsten. Deze renovaties hebben het paleis opnieuw mogelijk gemaakt musea en andere culturele evenementen te hosten.
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