Dolmabahce Palace
Entlang der europäischen Küste des Bosporus befindet sich der Dolmabahce-Palast, der im 19. Jahrhundert während der Herrschaft des Sultan I. Abdulmecit erbaut wurde und für seine übermäßige Ziergestaltung bekannt ist. Zwischen 1843 und 1856 beauftragte Abdulmecit seinen Architekten Karabet Balyan, den Dolmabahce-Palast zu bauen, eine eklektische Mischung aus Stilen aus ganz Europa. Es hatte eine symmetrische Anordnung in seinen drei Geschichten, mit 285 Räumen und 43 Flurkorridoren. Entlang der Flussseite verfügt es über eine 600-Meter-Piste, die von massiven monumentalen Toren flankiert ist.
Der Palast ist von unbefleckten Gärten und einer massiven Begrüßungshalle mit 56 Säulen und 750 Lichtern umgeben, die von einem Kristall-Kühler betrieben werden, der in vier und einem halben Tönen spielt. Die Sultanen wurden am Eingang begrüßt, und das Harem befand sich direkt gegenüber dem Zeremonialsal.
The palace's walls and ceilings are adorned with gold and European art from the era, giving it a level of luxury not found in most palaces. Each room is furnished with fine silk and wool carpets, handmade artifacts from Southeast Asia, and crystal candlesticks. The harem houses Sultan's private quarters as well as the quarters for the women and the servants. The men's Hamam (public bath) is made of alabaster marble. Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, the founder of the Turkish Republic, died in Dolmabahce Palace on November 10, 1938, adding another chapter to the palace's storied past. As he left, the door to his room opened, allowing the guests to enter.
In the building's eastern wing, you'll find the Museum of Fine Arts.
Dolmabahce Palace und seine Umgebung: Ein vollständiger Guide
Historisch gesehen war dies der Ort, an dem Sultan Mehmet der Eroberer seine Schiffe an Bord setzte, bevor er das Goldenen Horn überquerte und Istanbul eroberte; mythologisch gesehen war es der Ort, an dem die Argonauten ankamen, damit sie nach dem Goldenen Pelt suchen konnten.
Diese Bucht wurde gefüllt und entwickelte sich zu Dolmabahce, einem der erkennbarsten Gärten am Bosporus, beginnend im siebzehnten Jahrhundert (Filled Up Garden).
Over the years, different Sultans added to Dolmabahce, and the whole thing is now called the "Besiktas Waterside Palace."
1843 wurde während der Herrschaft des Sultan Abdülmedjid der Palast von Besiktas Waterside abgerissen, weil er wegen seiner Holzbaubauche als Zeit- und Geldverschwendung angesehen wurde.
All of the building, including the exterior walls, was finished in 1856. Dolmabahce Palace's main structure is just one of sixteen separate structures spread across an area of more than 110.000 square meters. Buildings in those areas include stables, mills, pharmacies, kitchens, aviaries, a glass shop, a foundry, and a patisserie, among others. During Sultan Abdülhamid II's reign, a clock tower was added to the Heir Apparent's apartment, and guesthouses were added in the backyard garden (1876–1909).
Die Architektur des Dolmabahce-Palastes
The palace was designed and constructed by Karabet and Nikogos Balyan, two of the most renowned Ottoman architects of their time. The main block of the palace consists of the Harem-i Hümayun, the Muayede (Ceremonial Hall), and the Mabeyn-i Hümayun (Selamlik) (Harem). In the palace's central courtyard, known as the Muayede, important events and ceremonies are hosted. Other parts of the palace, such as the Harem-i Hümayun and the Mabeyn-i Hümayun, are used for conducting government business and housing the Sultan.
Dolmabahce Palace has a total of three stories, including the basement. Influenced by Western styles, the building's form, detail, and ornamentation were all expertly interpreted by Ottoman architects. However, the layout is a contemporary update on the design of a classic Turkish mansion. There are wooden floors and stone walls inside. Between 1910 and 1912, central heating and electrical systems were installed at the Palace, demonstrating its openness to modern conveniences. There are 285 rooms, 46 halls, 6 hammams (Turkish baths), and 68 bathrooms spread across 45,000 square feet in the palace. Carpeting covering 4.454 square meters was woven first in the palace's loom house and then in Hereke, which is famous for its carpets.
The mabeyn, where the Sultan conducts state affairs, is the most impressive part of the building, both in terms of its purpose and its splendor. The Red Room, where the Sultan received ambassadors, the Crystal Stairs leading to the upper floor, the Süfera Hall, the guest room for ambassadors, and the entry's Medhal Hall are all decorated and furnished to emphasize the historical splendor of the Empire. Entry to Sultan's private quarters in the Mabeyn wing, located on the second floor, is granted via the Zülvecheyn (two-planned) Hall. This area features not only classrooms and meeting halls but also a luxurious hammam decorated with Egyptian marble.
Located between the Harem and the Mabeyn, the Muayede (celebration) Hall is the crown jewel of Dolmabahce Palace. Its 36-meter-high dome and 4.5-ton British-made chandelier make the hall stand out among the Palace's 15,000-square-foot floor space and 56 columns. The central heating system, which blows warm air from the base of the columns, ensures that guests are comfortable even on the chilliest days. The Sultan would sit on the hall's golden throne as he greeted dignitaries and diplomats during religious holiday celebrations. Separate galleries housed the palace's orchestra, male and female guests, and the diplomatic staff.
Obwohl die traditionelle Trennung von öffentlichen und privaten Räumen war weniger streng als es heute ist, wurde der Harem als separater Bereich in Dolmabahce entworfen, die von europäischen Palästen inspiriert und in einem westlichen Stil gebaut wurde.
At Dolmabahce Palace, the harem occupies the better part of the palace. The doors and gates between Mabeyn and Muayede Hall and the Harem are made of iron and timber to reinforce the social norm of racial segregation. The Sultan, his wives, concubines, sons, and daughters all slept in bedrooms in this wing, along with the study and lounge rooms, all of which were illuminated by the Bosporus's reflections. The apartment of Valide Sultan (Mother Sultan), the Blue and Pink Halls, the rooms of Sultans Abdülmedjid, Abdülaziz, and Resad, the section for the concubines, the rooms of the matrons, the study and bedroom of Great Atatürk, and the many valuable artifacts, such as furniture, rugs, and kilims, inscriptions, vases, chandeliers, and oil paintings, are the most interesting and impressive.
Once again open to the public, Dolmabahce Palace has undergone a complete restoration. The two "Precious Items Exhibition Halls" display the palace's most valuable artifacts, while the "Internal Treasury Exhibition Building" showcases pieces from the National Palaces Yildiz (Star) Porcelain collection, and the "Art Gallery" features works from the National Palaces Painting collection. The "Abdülmedjid Efendi Library" in the Mabe Palace also serves as an exhibition space.
The "Furnishing Department" in the palace's foyer has been replaced by the "Cultural Information Center." This is the hub of operations for the many national palaces across the country that host scientific conferences and public presentations. The library also has a section for research that is mostly made up of books from the 19th century.
Zwischen dem Uhrenturm, der Möbelabteilung, dem Aviary, dem Harem und dem Heir Apiary sind Cafés und Souvenirläden in den Außenbereichen entstanden. Postkarten, Reproduktionen von Kunstwerken aus der National Palace Art Collection und Führer zu den National Palace, die vom Cultural Information Center geschrieben wurden, sind an diesen Orten zum Kauf erhältlich. Darüber hinaus werden die Muayede Hall und die Gärten für nationale und internationale Empfänge genutzt. Diese Renovierungen haben es dem Palast ermöglicht, wieder Museen und andere kulturelle Veranstaltungen zu veranstalten.
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