Dolmabahce Palace
Längs den europeiska stranden av Bosporus ligger Dolmabahce Palace, som byggdes på 1800-talet under regeringstiden av Sultan I Abdulmecit och är känd för sin överdrivna prydnad. Mellan 1843 och 1856 beställde Abdulmecit sin arkitekt, Karabet Balyan, att bygga Dolmabahce Palace, en eklektisk blandning av stilar från hela Europa. Den hade en symmetrisk layout över sina tre berättelser, med 285 rum och 43 korridorer. Längs floden har den en 600-meters brygga flankerad av massiva monumentala portar.
Palatset är omgivet av orörda trädgårdar och en massiv hälsningshall med 56 kolumner och 750 lampor som drivs av en kristalllysare som spelar i fyra och en halv ton.Sultanerna hälsades vid ingången, och haremet var beläget direkt tvärs över från ceremonialen.Alla möbler, silkesmattor och gardiner finns där, och de ser alla bra ut.
The palace's walls and ceilings are adorned with gold and European art from the era, giving it a level of luxury not found in most palaces. Each room is furnished with fine silk and wool carpets, handmade artifacts from Southeast Asia, and crystal candlesticks. The harem houses Sultan's private quarters as well as the quarters for the women and the servants. The men's Hamam (public bath) is made of alabaster marble. Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, the founder of the Turkish Republic, died in Dolmabahce Palace on November 10, 1938, adding another chapter to the palace's storied past. As he left, the door to his room opened, allowing the guests to enter.
In the building's eastern wing, you'll find the Museum of Fine Arts.
Dolmabahce Palace och dess omgivningar: En komplett guide
Historiskt sett var detta där Sultan Mehmet erövraren strandade sina fartyg innan han korsade Guldhörnet och erövrade Istanbul; mytologiskt är det där Argonauterna förankrade så att de kunde söka efter Guldpelten.
Denna vik fylldes i och utvecklades till Dolmabahce, en av de mest igenkännliga trädgårdarna på Bosporus, från 1700-talet (Filled Up Garden).
Over the years, different Sultans added to Dolmabahce, and the whole thing is now called the "Besiktas Waterside Palace."
År 1843 under Sultan Abdülmedjids regeringstid rivs Besiktas Waterside-palatset eftersom det ansågs vara ett slöseri med tid och pengar på grund av dess träbyggnad.
All of the building, including the exterior walls, was finished in 1856. Dolmabahce Palace's main structure is just one of sixteen separate structures spread across an area of more than 110.000 square meters. Buildings in those areas include stables, mills, pharmacies, kitchens, aviaries, a glass shop, a foundry, and a patisserie, among others. During Sultan Abdülhamid II's reign, a clock tower was added to the Heir Apparent's apartment, and guesthouses were added in the backyard garden (1876–1909).
Dolmabahce Palace arkitektur
The palace was designed and constructed by Karabet and Nikogos Balyan, two of the most renowned Ottoman architects of their time. The main block of the palace consists of the Harem-i Hümayun, the Muayede (Ceremonial Hall), and the Mabeyn-i Hümayun (Selamlik) (Harem). In the palace's central courtyard, known as the Muayede, important events and ceremonies are hosted. Other parts of the palace, such as the Harem-i Hümayun and the Mabeyn-i Hümayun, are used for conducting government business and housing the Sultan.
Dolmabahce Palace has a total of three stories, including the basement. Influenced by Western styles, the building's form, detail, and ornamentation were all expertly interpreted by Ottoman architects. However, the layout is a contemporary update on the design of a classic Turkish mansion. There are wooden floors and stone walls inside. Between 1910 and 1912, central heating and electrical systems were installed at the Palace, demonstrating its openness to modern conveniences. There are 285 rooms, 46 halls, 6 hammams (Turkish baths), and 68 bathrooms spread across 45,000 square feet in the palace. Carpeting covering 4.454 square meters was woven first in the palace's loom house and then in Hereke, which is famous for its carpets.
The mabeyn, where the Sultan conducts state affairs, is the most impressive part of the building, both in terms of its purpose and its splendor. The Red Room, where the Sultan received ambassadors, the Crystal Stairs leading to the upper floor, the Süfera Hall, the guest room for ambassadors, and the entry's Medhal Hall are all decorated and furnished to emphasize the historical splendor of the Empire. Entry to Sultan's private quarters in the Mabeyn wing, located on the second floor, is granted via the Zülvecheyn (two-planned) Hall. This area features not only classrooms and meeting halls but also a luxurious hammam decorated with Egyptian marble.
Located between the Harem and the Mabeyn, the Muayede (celebration) Hall is the crown jewel of Dolmabahce Palace. Its 36-meter-high dome and 4.5-ton British-made chandelier make the hall stand out among the Palace's 15,000-square-foot floor space and 56 columns. The central heating system, which blows warm air from the base of the columns, ensures that guests are comfortable even on the chilliest days. The Sultan would sit on the hall's golden throne as he greeted dignitaries and diplomats during religious holiday celebrations. Separate galleries housed the palace's orchestra, male and female guests, and the diplomatic staff.
Även om den traditionella separationen av offentliga och privata utrymmen var mindre strikt än det är idag, harem utformades som ett separat område i Dolmabahce, som var inspirerad av europeiska palats och byggdes i en västerländsk stil. Till skillnad från Topkapi Palace, där den kungliga familjen bor i en separat byggnad och sammansättning, är deras bostad här en integrerad del av palatset och kan nås direkt från de viktigaste palatskorridorerna.
At Dolmabahce Palace, the harem occupies the better part of the palace. The doors and gates between Mabeyn and Muayede Hall and the Harem are made of iron and timber to reinforce the social norm of racial segregation. The Sultan, his wives, concubines, sons, and daughters all slept in bedrooms in this wing, along with the study and lounge rooms, all of which were illuminated by the Bosporus's reflections. The apartment of Valide Sultan (Mother Sultan), the Blue and Pink Halls, the rooms of Sultans Abdülmedjid, Abdülaziz, and Resad, the section for the concubines, the rooms of the matrons, the study and bedroom of Great Atatürk, and the many valuable artifacts, such as furniture, rugs, and kilims, inscriptions, vases, chandeliers, and oil paintings, are the most interesting and impressive.
Once again open to the public, Dolmabahce Palace has undergone a complete restoration. The two "Precious Items Exhibition Halls" display the palace's most valuable artifacts, while the "Internal Treasury Exhibition Building" showcases pieces from the National Palaces Yildiz (Star) Porcelain collection, and the "Art Gallery" features works from the National Palaces Painting collection. The "Abdülmedjid Efendi Library" in the Mabe Palace also serves as an exhibition space.
The "Furnishing Department" in the palace's foyer has been replaced by the "Cultural Information Center." This is the hub of operations for the many national palaces across the country that host scientific conferences and public presentations. The library also has a section for research that is mostly made up of books from the 19th century.
Mellan Klocktornet, Möbleravdelningen, Aviary, Harem och Heir Apiary har kaféer och souvenirbutiker uppstått i utomhusområdena. Postkort, reproduktioner av konstverk från National Palace Art Collection och guider till National Palace skrivna av Cultural Information Center finns alla tillgängliga för köp på dessa platser. Dessutom används Muayede Hall och trädgårdarna för nationella och internationella mottagningar. Dessa renoveringar har gjort det möjligt för palatset att återigen vara värd för museer och andra kulturella evenemang.
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