Dolmabahce Palace
Ao longo da costa europeia do Bósforo está o Palácio Dolmabahce, que foi construído no século XIX durante o reinado do sultão I Abdulmecit e é conhecido por sua ornamentação excessiva. Entre 1843 e 1856, Abdulmecit encomendou a seu arquiteto, Karabet Balyan, a construção do Palácio Dolmabahce, uma mistura eclética de estilos de toda a Europa. Tinha um layout simétrico em suas três histórias, com 285 salas e 43 corredores. Ao longo do rio, apresenta um cais de 600 metros flanqueado por enormes portões monumentais.
O palácio é cercado por jardins imaculados e um enorme salão de saudações com 56 colunas e 750 luzes alimentadas por um candelabro de cristal que toca em quatro tons e meio. Os sultões foram saudados na entrada, e o harém estava localizado diretamente em frente da sala cerimonial.
The palace's walls and ceilings are adorned with gold and European art from the era, giving it a level of luxury not found in most palaces. Each room is furnished with fine silk and wool carpets, handmade artifacts from Southeast Asia, and crystal candlesticks. The harem houses Sultan's private quarters as well as the quarters for the women and the servants. The men's Hamam (public bath) is made of alabaster marble. Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, the founder of the Turkish Republic, died in Dolmabahce Palace on November 10, 1938, adding another chapter to the palace's storied past. As he left, the door to his room opened, allowing the guests to enter.
In the building's eastern wing, you'll find the Museum of Fine Arts.
Palácio Dolmabahce e suas áreas circundantes: um guia completo
Historicamente, é aqui que o sultão Mehmet o Conquistador navegou seus navios antes de atravessar o Corno de Ouro e conquistar Istambul; mitologicamente, é onde os Argonautas ancoraram para que pudessem procurar o Pelt de Ouro.
Esta baía foi preenchida e desenvolveu-se em Dolmabahce, um dos jardins mais reconhecíveis do Bósforo, a partir do século XVII (Filled Up Garden).
Over the years, different Sultans added to Dolmabahce, and the whole thing is now called the "Besiktas Waterside Palace."
Em 1843, durante o reinado do sultão Abdülmedjid, o palácio de Besiktas Waterside foi demolido porque foi considerado um desperdício de tempo e dinheiro devido à sua construção de madeira.
All of the building, including the exterior walls, was finished in 1856. Dolmabahce Palace's main structure is just one of sixteen separate structures spread across an area of more than 110.000 square meters. Buildings in those areas include stables, mills, pharmacies, kitchens, aviaries, a glass shop, a foundry, and a patisserie, among others. During Sultan Abdülhamid II's reign, a clock tower was added to the Heir Apparent's apartment, and guesthouses were added in the backyard garden (1876–1909).
Arquitetura do Palácio Dolmabahce
The palace was designed and constructed by Karabet and Nikogos Balyan, two of the most renowned Ottoman architects of their time. The main block of the palace consists of the Harem-i Hümayun, the Muayede (Ceremonial Hall), and the Mabeyn-i Hümayun (Selamlik) (Harem). In the palace's central courtyard, known as the Muayede, important events and ceremonies are hosted. Other parts of the palace, such as the Harem-i Hümayun and the Mabeyn-i Hümayun, are used for conducting government business and housing the Sultan.
Dolmabahce Palace has a total of three stories, including the basement. Influenced by Western styles, the building's form, detail, and ornamentation were all expertly interpreted by Ottoman architects. However, the layout is a contemporary update on the design of a classic Turkish mansion. There are wooden floors and stone walls inside. Between 1910 and 1912, central heating and electrical systems were installed at the Palace, demonstrating its openness to modern conveniences. There are 285 rooms, 46 halls, 6 hammams (Turkish baths), and 68 bathrooms spread across 45,000 square feet in the palace. Carpeting covering 4.454 square meters was woven first in the palace's loom house and then in Hereke, which is famous for its carpets.
The mabeyn, where the Sultan conducts state affairs, is the most impressive part of the building, both in terms of its purpose and its splendor. The Red Room, where the Sultan received ambassadors, the Crystal Stairs leading to the upper floor, the Süfera Hall, the guest room for ambassadors, and the entry's Medhal Hall are all decorated and furnished to emphasize the historical splendor of the Empire. Entry to Sultan's private quarters in the Mabeyn wing, located on the second floor, is granted via the Zülvecheyn (two-planned) Hall. This area features not only classrooms and meeting halls but also a luxurious hammam decorated with Egyptian marble.
Located between the Harem and the Mabeyn, the Muayede (celebration) Hall is the crown jewel of Dolmabahce Palace. Its 36-meter-high dome and 4.5-ton British-made chandelier make the hall stand out among the Palace's 15,000-square-foot floor space and 56 columns. The central heating system, which blows warm air from the base of the columns, ensures that guests are comfortable even on the chilliest days. The Sultan would sit on the hall's golden throne as he greeted dignitaries and diplomats during religious holiday celebrations. Separate galleries housed the palace's orchestra, male and female guests, and the diplomatic staff.
Embora a separação tradicional de espaços públicos e privados fosse menos rigorosa do que é hoje, o harém foi projetado como uma área separada em Dolmabahce, que foi inspirada por palácios europeus e construída em estilo ocidental.
At Dolmabahce Palace, the harem occupies the better part of the palace. The doors and gates between Mabeyn and Muayede Hall and the Harem are made of iron and timber to reinforce the social norm of racial segregation. The Sultan, his wives, concubines, sons, and daughters all slept in bedrooms in this wing, along with the study and lounge rooms, all of which were illuminated by the Bosporus's reflections. The apartment of Valide Sultan (Mother Sultan), the Blue and Pink Halls, the rooms of Sultans Abdülmedjid, Abdülaziz, and Resad, the section for the concubines, the rooms of the matrons, the study and bedroom of Great Atatürk, and the many valuable artifacts, such as furniture, rugs, and kilims, inscriptions, vases, chandeliers, and oil paintings, are the most interesting and impressive.
Once again open to the public, Dolmabahce Palace has undergone a complete restoration. The two "Precious Items Exhibition Halls" display the palace's most valuable artifacts, while the "Internal Treasury Exhibition Building" showcases pieces from the National Palaces Yildiz (Star) Porcelain collection, and the "Art Gallery" features works from the National Palaces Painting collection. The "Abdülmedjid Efendi Library" in the Mabe Palace also serves as an exhibition space.
The "Furnishing Department" in the palace's foyer has been replaced by the "Cultural Information Center." This is the hub of operations for the many national palaces across the country that host scientific conferences and public presentations. The library also has a section for research that is mostly made up of books from the 19th century.
Entre a Torre do Relógio, o Departamento de Móveis, o Aviário, o Harem e o Apiário do Herdeiro, cafés e lojas de lembranças surgiram nas áreas ao ar livre. Cartões postais, reproduções de obras de arte da Coleção de Arte dos Palácios Nacionais e guias para os Palácios Nacionais escritos pelo Centro de Informação Cultural estão disponíveis para compra nesses locais. Além disso, o Muayede Hall e os jardins são usados para recepções nacionais e internacionais. Estas renovações tornaram possível que o palácio hospedasse novamente museus e outros eventos culturais.
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